Environment

Biosphere reserves in India are established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme and managed domestically by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). While the IUCN provides international conservation guidelines, it does not directly regulate or manage India's biosphere reserve network.

Biodiversity hotspots are defined globally by high levels of species endemism and significant habitat loss. The Eastern Himalayas qualify due to their exceptionally rich endemic flora and fauna. While glaciers and river systems are geographical features of the region, they do not inherently define a biodiversity hotspot.

Biosphere reserves in India are established under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme and managed domestically by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). A diagram for this topic isn't available yet — the worked example below walks the same reasoning step by step.

• !Option C is incorrect because 1980 marks the enactment of the Forest Conservation Act, not the launch of this flagship tiger conservation initiative.
• !While glaciers and river systems are geographical features of the region, they do not inherently define a biodiversity hotspot.

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