Information & ideas

The passage reports the study’s results and then explicitly notes the study’s constraints, so its main function is to present findings while acknowledging caveats. Choice A is a trap; the author does not discard the research, merely qualifies it, so dismissing it entirely mischaracterizes the intent.

The passage structures its argument by presenting two studies with opposing findings, which directly compares and contrasts their different results. Option A is incorrect because the text does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship where one study's findings directly triggered the other.

The passage reports the study’s results and then explicitly notes the study’s constraints, so its main function is to present findings while acknowledging caveats. A diagram for this topic isn't available yet — the worked example below walks the same reasoning step by step.

• !Choice A is a trap; the author does not discard the research, merely qualifies it, so dismissing it entirely mischaracterizes the intent.
• !Option A is incorrect because the text supports urban gardening rather than discouraging readers with cost concerns.
• !Option A is incorrect because the text does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship where one study's findings directly triggered the other.

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