Physical chemistry

At 25 degrees Celsius, the self-ionization of water yields equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions at 10 to the power of negative 7 M, resulting in a neutral pH of 7. Distractor C is incorrect because a pH of 14 represents an extremely basic solution, not neutral water.

A saturated solution has reached a dynamic equilibrium where no more solute can dissolve at that specific temperature. Option B is incorrect because a saturated solution is stable and will not spontaneously crystallize unless it becomes supersaturated or is cooled down.

At room temperature, a pH of 7 represents a neutral solution where the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are equal. A diagram for this topic isn't available yet — the worked example below walks the same reasoning step by step.

• !Distractor C is incorrect because a pH of 14 represents an extremely basic solution, not neutral water.
• !Option A is incorrect because a factor of 1 applies only to non-electrolytes that do not dissociate, such as glucose or urea.
• !Option B is incorrect because a saturated solution is stable and will not spontaneously crystallize unless it becomes supersaturated or is cooled down.

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