Assumption

The claim that the new method will succeed because the old one succeeded presupposes that the two methods share the same relevant characteristics, which is the unstated assumption that bridges the observed success to the predicted outcome. Choice B is a distractor because it focuses on popularity, a factor the argument never addresses; popularity does not guarantee similar efficacy, so it cannot serve as the necessary assumption.

The author assumes that a lack of reported side effects guarantees that no side effects actually occurred. Option B is a necessary assumption because if unreported side effects did exist, the conclusion about safety would be unsupported. Option C is wrong because the product does not need to be widely used for the reporting system itself to be reliable.

The argument relies on the premise that taxes are the primary concern for voters, so a poll showing healthcare is their top issue directly contradicts and undermines this assumption. A diagram for this topic isn't available yet — the worked example below walks the same reasoning step by step.

• !Option A is incorrect because the argument does not need to assume that school is the absolute only place where coding can be learned.
• !Option C is wrong because the product does not need to be widely used for the reporting system itself to be reliable.
• !Option B is incorrect because road repaving is an unrelated external factor that is not required for the causal link between lower limits and safety to hold.

Answer each from memory — you'll see instantly whether you're right and why.

Run a focused 10-question mini-mock on Assumption and see it stick.