Logical reasoning

In a valid deductive argument, the logical structure guarantees that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. Option B is incorrect because validity refers only to logical structure, meaning a valid argument can still have a false conclusion if one of its premises is false.

Option B weakens the argument by demonstrating that the financial burden of funding free tuition exceeds any economic benefits it generates. Conversely, Option A is incorrect because it acts as a strengthener by suggesting a positive correlation between free education and economic strength.

In a valid deductive argument, the logical structure guarantees that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. A diagram for this topic isn't available yet — the worked example below walks the same reasoning step by step.

• !Option B is incorrect because validity refers only to logical structure, meaning a valid argument can still have a false conclusion if one of its premises is false.
• !Conversely, Option A is incorrect because it acts as a strengthener by suggesting a positive correlation between free education and economic strength.
• !Option A is incorrect because simply identifying what the conclusion says does not reveal the hidden logical steps required to make the argument valid.

Answer each from memory — you'll see instantly whether you're right and why.

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